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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Studying Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Orthotopic Breast Cancer Model
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[Triple Negative Breast Cancer].

J Navrátil, P Fabian, M Palácová

    Klinicka Onkologie : Casopis Ceske a Slovenske Onkologicke Spolecnosti
    |December 18, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Triple negative breast cancer, lacking key receptors, is aggressive and more common in younger women. New targeted therapies are crucial for improving treatment outcomes.

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    Orthotopic Transplantation of Breast Tumors as Preclinical Models for Breast Cancer
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    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Genetics
    • Pathology

    Context:

    • Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for nearly 1,000 of 6,500 annual breast cancer cases in the Czech Republic.
    • TNBC is defined by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, often presenting as aggressive, low-differentiated carcinomas.
    • This subtype is more prevalent in younger women and linked to hereditary BRCA1/BRCA2 gene mutations.

    Purpose:

    • To offer a comprehensive review of current triple negative breast cancer knowledge.
    • To summarize epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, and risk factors for sporadic and hereditary TNBC.
    • To detail histopathologic and molecular classifications, treatment associations, and emerging anticancer drugs for TNBC.

    Summary:

    • TNBC is a heterogeneous disease with limited treatment options.
    • Understanding its clinical and molecular diversity is key to advancing therapy.
    • Development of targeted therapies is essential for improved patient outcomes.

    Impact:

    • Highlights the heterogeneity and therapeutic challenges of triple negative breast cancer.
    • Emphasizes the need for identifying predictive biomarkers for personalized treatment.
    • Underscores that significant therapeutic advancements depend on the discovery of targeted therapies.