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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Thyroid function parameters in normal pregnancies in an iodine sufficient population.

Roy Moncayo1, Birgit Zanon2, Kurt Heim3

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.

BBA Clinical
|December 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thyroid function parameters like free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) remain stable during normal pregnancies. The established TSH reference range of 0.3-3.5 mIU/l is applicable for pregnant women in iodine-sufficient areas.

Keywords:
PregnancyTSHTSH, thyroid stimulating hormoneThyroid functionfT3fT3, free triiodothyroninefT4fT4, free thyroxinehCG, human chorionic gonadotropin

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics
  • Reproductive Health

Background:

  • Thyroid function during pregnancy is crucial for maternal and fetal well-being.
  • Understanding normal thyroid hormone levels is essential for accurate diagnosis and management.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively described thyroid function parameters throughout normal gestation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe thyroid function parameters, including free triiodothyronine (fT3), free thyroxine (fT4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), during normal pregnancies.
  • To establish trimester-specific reference ranges for these thyroid hormones.
  • To determine the applicability of existing TSH reference ranges in pregnant populations.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study utilizing data from 2006-2007.
  • Inclusion criteria: women with normal births recorded in the Tyrol birth registry.
  • Thyroid function parameters (fT3, fT4, TSH) measured using established methods at the University Hospital in Innsbruck, Austria.

Main Results:

  • fT3 and fT4 levels showed normal distribution across trimesters, with slight decreases observed as pregnancy progressed.
  • Mean fT3 values ranged from 4.93 ± 0.59 pmol/l in the first trimester to 4.27 ± 0.45 pmol/l in the third.
  • Mean fT4 values ranged from 15.23 ± 2.43 pmol/l in the first trimester to 13.32 ± 2.01 pmol/l in the third.
  • TSH values exhibited a left-skewed distribution; mean values (after log transformation) ranged from 1.46 ± 1.29 mIU/l to 1.70 ± 2.22 mIU/l across trimesters.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid function parameters in normal pregnancies within an iodine-sufficient population do not significantly differ from non-pregnant individuals.
  • The established TSH reference range of 0.3 to 3.5 mIU/l is confirmed as valid for normal pregnancies.
  • These findings contribute to research on the association between maternal thyroid function and child cognitive development.