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Related Concept Videos

The Colloidal State01:29

The Colloidal State

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The formation of a colloidal system is exemplified by an aqueous solution containing Cl− ions is introduced to another containing Ag+ ions, resulting in the precipitation of solid AgCl as extremely tiny crystals. Instead of settling out as a filterable precipitate, these crystals remain suspended in the liquid, showcasing a colloidal system.A colloidal system involves colloidal particles within the approximate range of 1 to 1000 nm in at least one dimension, dispersed in a medium called...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Solution, Solubility, and Solubility Equilibrium
A solution is a homogeneous mixture composed of a solvent, the major component, and a solute, the minor component. The physical state of a solution—solid, liquid, or gas—is typically the same as that of the solvent. Solute concentrations are often described with qualitative terms such as dilute (of relatively low concentration) and concentrated (of relatively high concentration).
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Particle Templated Emulsification enables Microfluidic-Free Droplet Assays
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Destabilising Pickering emulsions by drop flocculation and adhesion.

Catherine P Whitby1, Hunainah Khairul Anwar2, James Hughes2

  • 1Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|December 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Organoclay-coated water-in-oil emulsions destabilize and form 3D networks when particles are poorly wetted by the solvent. This transition occurs when adhesion energy balances particle detachment energy, leading to emulsion breakdown.

Keywords:
AdhesionDestabilisationFlocculationParticle-stabilised emulsionPickering emulsion

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Rheology

Background:

  • Emulsions are critical in various industries, but their stability can be challenging to control.
  • Organoclay particles are used to stabilize emulsions, but their behavior in different solvent mixtures is not fully understood.
  • Understanding emulsion destabilization is key to designing stable formulations and predicting phase transitions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the destabilization mechanisms of organoclay-coated water-in-oil emulsions in organic solvents.
  • To determine the influence of solvent quality on emulsion structure and stability.
  • To identify the key energetic factors governing emulsion breakdown.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of water-in-oil emulsions coated with organoclay particles.
  • Systematic variation of the organic solvent mixture composition (solvent quality).
  • Microscopic observation (optical microscopy) to analyze drop morphology and network formation.
  • Analysis of adhesion and detachment energies at the particle-coated interface.

Main Results:

  • Emulsion destabilization and fluid-solid transition observed when organoclay particles exhibit poor wetting.
  • Formation of three-dimensional (3D) particle networks as the fraction of poor-quality solvent increases.
  • Coalescence of drops into buckled, non-spherical shapes in solvent-rich mixtures.
  • Destabilization is favored when particle layer adhesion energy is comparable to particle detachment energy.
  • Interfacial layer rupture leads to particle flocs and free water drops, causing emulsion settling.

Conclusions:

  • The wetting properties of organoclay particles significantly influence emulsion stability in organic solvents.
  • A critical balance between adhesion and detachment energies governs the destabilization process.
  • The study provides insights into the mechanisms of emulsion breakdown and network formation, relevant for formulation design.