Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Coronoid-Temporalis Pedicled Flap for Orbital Floor Defect Reconstruction
Published on: December 5, 2025
Posterior Pharyngeal Flap for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Patients: A New L-Shaped Flap
Ezzeddin Elsheikh1, Mohammad Waheed El-Anwar
1Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
Objective:
To describe and assess the results of central inset L-shaped posterior pharyngeal flap (PF) for treatment of velopharyngeal incompetence.
Methods:
This study included 12 patients who were diagnosed as persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency. L-shaped central inset superiorly based PF was harvested from oropharynx and inserted into the soft palate through a transverse full-thickness palatal incision 1 cm behind the posterior margin of the hard palate, then the flap was spread 1 cm horizontally and 1 cm in the anteroposterior direction in soft palate. Before and after surgery, patients were assessed by examination, video: nasoendoscopy, and speech assessment.
Results:
Postoperative speech assessment showed significant improvement in the nasal emission, resonance, intraoral pressure, and articulation defects. Grade 4 velopharyngeal valve closure (complete closure) could be achieved in all patients. No patients showed dehiscence (partial or total) of the flap and no obstructive sleep apnea reported.
Conclusions:
The new used L-shaped PF could properly correct velopharyngeal functions (closure and speech) in patients with persistent velopharyngeal insufficiency with no reported complication.
Related Concept Videos
Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
Pharynx
Nasopharynx
The nasopharynx, bordered by the conchae of the nasal cavity, serves exclusively as an air conduit. In its superior region, the pharyngeal tonsils or adenoids are located. These tonsils are clusters of lymphoid reticular tissue akin to a lymph node. The precise...
Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

