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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases00:58

Eukaryotic RNA Polymerases

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RNA Polymerase (RNAP) is conserved in all animals, with bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic RNAPs sharing significant sequence, structural, and functional similarities. Among the three eukaryotic RNAPs, RNA Polymerase II is most similar to bacterial RNAP in terms of both structural organization and folding topologies of the enzyme subunits. However, these similarities are not reflected in their mechanism of action.
All three eukaryotic RNAPs require specific transcription factors, of which the...
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Translesion DNA Polymerases02:10

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Translesion (TLS) polymerases rescue stalled DNA polymerases at sites of damaged bases by replacing the replicative polymerase and installing a nucleotide across the damaged site. Doing so, TLS allows additional time for the cell to repair the damage before resuming regular DNA replication.
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Bacterial RNA Polymerase00:43

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Unlike eukaryotes, bacteria use a single RNA Polymerase (RNAP) to transcribe all genes. The different subunits of bacterial RNAPhave distinct functions. The multisubunit structure of the bacterial RNAP helps the enzyme to maintain catalytic function, facilitate assembly, interact with DNA and RNA, and self-regulate its activity.
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Free-Radical Chain Reaction and Polymerization of Alkenes02:35

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The conversion of alkenes to macromolecules called polymers is a reaction of high commercial importance. The structure of the polymer is defined by a repeating unit, while the terminal groups are considered insignificant. The average degree of polymerization represents the number of repeating units in the polymer molecule and is denoted by the subscript n.
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RNA Polymerase II Accessory Proteins02:36

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Proteins that regulate transcription can do so either via direct contact with RNA Polymerase or through indirect interactions facilitated by adaptors, mediators, histone-modifying proteins, and nucleosome remodelers. Direct interactions to activate transcription is seen in bacteria as well as in some eukaryotic genes. In these cases, upstream activation sequences are adjacent to the promoters, and the activator proteins interact directly with the transcriptional machinery. For example, in...
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Electron Transport Chains01:28

Electron Transport Chains

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The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Evaluation of a Universal Nested Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction for the Detection of Lyssaviruses
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A Universal Polymerase Chain Reaction Developer.

Paola Valentini1, Pier Paolo Pompa2

  • 1Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Via Morego, 30, 16163, Genova, Italy.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|December 18, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a rapid, one-step method for detecting DNA amplification products using gold nanoparticles. This naked-eye detection is instrument-free, ultra-sensitive, and significantly faster than traditional gel electrophoresis.

Keywords:
DNA detectioncolorimetric sensinggold nanoparticlespolymerase chain reaction

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a standard technique for DNA amplification.
  • Traditional PCR detection relies on gel electrophoresis, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive.
  • There is a need for faster, simpler methods for PCR product detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid, one-step, one-tube method for PCR product detection.
  • To enable naked-eye detection of amplified DNA.
  • To overcome the limitations of gel electrophoresis in PCR analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized controlled aggregation of gold nanoparticles for detection.
  • Developed a one-step, one-tube protocol.
  • Assessed sensitivity using varying concentrations of HIV template DNA spiked in human genomic DNA.

Main Results:

  • Achieved rapid (5-minute) detection of PCR products.
  • Demonstrated naked-eye visualization of results.
  • Showcased ultra-sensitivity, detecting as low as 0.01 zeptomoles of HIV DNA.
  • Method proved universal and instrument-free.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed gold nanoparticle-based method offers a significant advancement for PCR detection.
  • This technique provides a fast, sensitive, and accessible alternative to gel electrophoresis.
  • Potential applications in various molecular diagnostic settings.