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Plants causing sudden death in livestock.

G E Burrows1, R J Tyrl

  • 1Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Certain toxic plants can cause rapid death in animals within 12 hours. Recognizing clinical signs and necropsy findings aids in diagnosing plant-induced intoxication and preventing fatalities.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Toxicology
  • Plant Science
  • Animal Pathology

Background:

  • Numerous plant species possess toxic properties capable of inducing severe intoxication and potentially fatal outcomes in animals.
  • The onset of lethal effects from plant ingestion can range from rapid (within 12 hours) to a more prolonged development of intoxication.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the rapid lethal effects of specific toxic plants.
  • To categorize the clinical signs associated with plant toxicities.
  • To provide diagnostic approaches for identifying plant-induced sudden death in animals.

Main Methods:

  • Review of plant toxicities causing rapid mortality.
  • Classification of clinical presentations into seven major sign groups.
  • Consideration of pathological findings and plant identification for diagnosis.

Main Results:

  • Cyanogenic plants and yew are among the fastest-acting lethal plant toxins.
  • Nitrate-accumulating plants can cause sudden death with minimal preceding signs.
  • Seven key clinical sign categories aid in differentiating causes of intoxication: respiratory distress, hemorrhage, excessive muscle activity, depression/weakness, diarrhea, gastrointestinal signs, and neurological deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition of specific clinical signs is crucial for diagnosing plant toxicities.
  • Necropsy findings and identification of ingested plant material are valuable diagnostic tools.
  • Understanding plant toxicity mechanisms and clinical presentations improves animal health outcomes and prevention strategies.

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