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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Focusing through dynamic tissue with millisecond digital optical phase conjugation.

Daifa Wang¹, Edward Haojiang Zhou², Joshua Brake²

¹Departments of Electrical Engineering and Bioengineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA ; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China.

|December 18, 2015

Summary

Researchers developed a new Digital Optical Phase Conjugation (DOPC) system with a 5.3 ms playback latency, enabling light focusing through thick, dynamic biological tissues like living mouse skin.

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Area of Science:

Biophotonics and Optics
Medical Imaging and Instrumentation

Background:

Digital Optical Phase Conjugation (DOPC) is a wavefront shaping technique for focusing light through scattering media.
Existing DOPC systems using liquid crystal spatial light modulators have slow refresh rates (~200 ms latency), limiting applications in dynamic biological samples.
High fluence reflectivity makes DOPC attractive compared to nonlinear optical methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel DOPC system with significantly reduced playback latency for practical application in thick, living tissues.
To overcome the speed limitations of conventional DOPC systems.

Main Methods:

Implementation of a digital micromirror device (DMD) for rapid spatial light modulation.
Utilized field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for high-speed processing.
Employed a single-shot binary phase retrieval technique for efficient phase conjugation.

Main Results:

Achieved a playback latency of 5.3 ms, an improvement of nearly two orders of magnitude.
Successfully demonstrated focusing light through 2.3 mm of living mouse skin with flowing blood (decorrelation time ~30 ms).
Maintained a stable focus indefinitely in dynamic scattering media.

Conclusions:

The novel DOPC system overcomes previous speed limitations, enabling real-time wavefront control in scattering biological tissues.
This technological advancement is crucial for applications requiring precise light delivery in vivo, such as therapeutic interventions and advanced imaging.
Indefinite focus maintenance in dynamic samples represents a significant milestone for optical focusing through biological media.