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Related Experiment Videos

Solid tumor cytogenetics. Progress since 1979.

N B Atkin1

  • 1Department of Cancer Research, Mount Vernon Hospital, Northwood, Middlesex, U.K.

Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Recent advances in solid tumor cytogenetics reveal specific nonrandom chromosome changes in benign and malignant tumors. These alterations, including translocations, are crucial for understanding tumorigenesis and may involve the loss of tumor-suppressor genes.

Area of Science:

  • Cytogenetics
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Solid tumor cytogenetics has advanced significantly, revealing nonrandom structural chromosome changes.
  • Previously, specific chromosome alterations were known mainly in meningiomas and salivary gland tumors.
  • Recent culture techniques have identified specific changes, like reciprocal translocations, in benign tumors such as lipomas and leiomyomas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe advances in solid tumor cytogenetics over the past decade.
  • To highlight nonrandom structural chromosome changes in various tumor types.
  • To explore the role of these chromosomal alterations in tumorigenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent advances in solid tumor cytogenetics.
  • Analysis of nonrandom structural chromosome changes in benign and malignant tumors.

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  • Correlation of cytogenetic findings with molecular genetic evidence.

    • Main Results:

    • Reciprocal translocations are found in benign tumors (lipomas, leiomyomas) and malignant soft-tissue tumors (liposarcomas, Ewing's sarcoma).
    • Carcinomas exhibit variable nonrandom chromosome changes, often nonreciprocal translocations, with specific chromosomes implicated in different cancer types (e.g., chromosome 10 in prostate, 18 in colorectal).
    • Commonly involved chromosomes in carcinomas include 1, 3, 11, and 17, with potential loss of tumor-suppressor genes on segments like 3p, 11p, and 17p.

    Conclusions:

    • Specific chromosome changes are characteristic of various benign and malignant solid tumors.
    • Chromosomal alterations, particularly the loss of tumor-suppressor genes, play a significant role in malignant transformation.
    • Further research into chromosome changes in carcinomas is essential for understanding their link to molecular alterations and tumorigenesis.