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Internet-Based Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: A Systematic Review.

Loredana Covolo1, Sara Rubinelli, Elisabetta Ceretti

  • 1Unit of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Italy, Brescia, Italy. loredana.covolo@unibs.it.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GT) offer genetic information online but lack comprehensive data and clinical utility. While consumer interest is high, evidence of significant health impacts or benefits remains limited, necessitating ongoing monitoring.

Keywords:
Internetdirect-to-consumergenetic testingonline marketsystematic review

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Consumer Health
  • Bioethics

Background:

  • Direct-to-consumer genetic tests (DTC-GT) provide genetic information without physician oversight, raising questions about validity and impact.
  • Public understanding and perception of DTC-GT are subjects of ongoing debate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review existing evidence on DTC-GT, exploring its multifaceted nature.
  • To synthesize findings regarding consumer knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, and the impact of genetic risk information.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search across major databases (PubMed, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Google Scholar).
  • Adherence to PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews.
  • Categorization of 118 identified articles based on their focus.

Main Results:

  • Most studies focused on consumer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions, indicating interest but a need for professional interpretation.
  • Website content analysis revealed incomplete information provided by DTC-GT companies.
  • Limited studies on actual consumers showed no significant negative health impacts, despite concerns.
  • Quality assessment indicated DTC-GT often lack informativeness and predictive power for genetic risk.

Conclusions:

  • The health impact of DTC-GT on consumers is an emerging area of concern.
  • Currently, observed health benefits or negative effects are minimal.
  • Continued vigilance is advised due to the anticipated growth of the DTC-GT market.