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A Spatiotemporal Database to Track Human Scrub Typhus Using the VectorMap Application.

Daryl J Kelly1,2, Desmond H Foley3, Allen L Richards1,4

  • 1Viral and Rickettsial Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America.

Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Scrub typhus, a dangerous mite-borne illness, is mapped globally for the first time. This study provides a crucial, up-to-date geographic distribution of human cases, improving understanding of this underreported disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Medical Geography
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Scrub typhus is a severe, febrile illness transmitted by mites, predominantly in the Asia-Pacific region.
  • Millions are at risk, yet the disease is often underreported and misdiagnosed, with its true distribution poorly understood.
  • A lack of comprehensive mapping hinders accurate risk assessment within its vast endemic area.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create a comprehensive, updatable database and map for tracking human scrub typhus cases.
  • To delineate the true geographic distribution of scrub typhus globally.
  • To facilitate a better understanding of disease risk and transmission patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted an extensive online literature search using PubMed and the US Armed Forces Pest Management Board Literature Retrieval System.
  • Applied stringent World Health Organization guidelines for case diagnosis and inclusion criteria.
  • Georeferenced case records and serosurveys from identified publications to establish a spatial database.

Main Results:

  • Identified 145 publications meeting case criteria, encompassing 267 case records and 13 georeferenced serosurveys.
  • Documented 13,739 probable or confirmed human scrub typhus cases across 28 countries.
  • Established an online map service (VectorMap) visualizing the geographic distribution of scrub typhus cases.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established a database and map detailing the global distribution of human scrub typhus cases.
  • This resource provides an up-to-date visualization of disease presence, aiding in risk assessment and public health planning.
  • The VectorMap service allows for further exploration of factors influencing mite-borne disease transmission.