Ion currents involved in gamete physiology

Gametes are electrogenic cells that modify their electrical properties in response to different stimuli. This behavior is due to the occurrence of ion currents flowing through ion channels located on the plasma membranes. The modulation of ion channels has been described during the processes of gamete maturation, activation and fertilization in most of the animal models studied. In particular, predominant ions involved in physiological events in oocyte and sperm have been recognized to be sodium, potassium and calcium. In this review, we give an overview on the occurrence, modulation and function of ion fluxes, from gametogenesis to early fertilization events, from marine animals to human. The implications for a dynamic role of ion currents in gamete physiology and their possible clinical and technological applications are discussed.