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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Microscopy Techniques01:22

Overview of Microscopy Techniques

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The early pioneers of microscopy opened a window into the invisible world of microorganisms. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes that leveraged nonvisible light, such as fluorescence microscopy that uses an ultraviolet light source and electron microscopy that uses short-wavelength electron beams. These advances significantly improved magnification, image resolution, and contrast. By comparison, the...
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Overview of Electron Microscopy01:25

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The wavelengths of visible light ultimately limit the maximum theoretical resolution of images created by light microscopes. Most light microscopes can only magnify 1000X, and a few can magnify up to 1500X. Electrons, like electromagnetic radiation, can behave like waves, but with wavelengths of 0.005 nm, they produce significantly greater resolution up to 0.05 nm as compared to 500 nm for visible light. An electron microscope (EM) can create a sharp image that is magnified up to 2,000,000X.
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Three-dimensional imaging techniques are essential in cell biology, allowing researchers to visualize intricate cellular structures with high resolution. Two prominent methods, Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy (DIC) and Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy (CSLM), provide distinct advantages for imaging live and thick specimens, respectively.Differential Interference Contrast MicroscopyDIC microscopy enhances contrast in transparent, unstained samples by converting phase...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Revealing Dynamic Processes of Materials in Liquids Using Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy
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Opportunities and challenges in liquid cell electron microscopy.

Frances M Ross1

  • 1IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, 1101 Kitchawan Road, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA. fmross@us.ibm.com.

Science (New York, N.Y.)
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Liquid cell electron microscopy enables atomic-resolution imaging of liquid samples, overcoming vacuum limitations. This technique expands the capabilities of electron microscopy for materials science and biology research.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides high-resolution structural and compositional data.
  • Analyzing liquid samples, especially aqueous solutions, in TEM is challenging due to vacuum incompatibility.
  • Existing methods require thin, stable liquid layers, limiting sample types and conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce liquid cell electron microscopy (LCEM) as a transformative technique.
  • To highlight the impact and expanding applications of LCEM in various scientific fields.
  • To discuss advancements enabling new in-situ experiments on liquid specimens.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing specialized liquid cells to encapsulate liquid samples within the TEM.

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  • Developing improved equipment and experimental protocols for LCEM.
  • Applying LCEM to image and analyze dynamic processes in liquids at atomic resolution.

    • Main Results:

    • LCEM overcomes vacuum limitations, allowing direct imaging of liquids.
    • The technique has demonstrated significant impact in materials science and biological imaging.
    • Advancements in equipment and methods have expanded LCEM's capabilities and applications.

    Conclusions:

    • Liquid cell electron microscopy is a powerful, developing technique for analyzing liquid specimens.
    • LCEM opens new avenues for research in materials science and biology by enabling in-situ studies.
    • Continued improvements promise to address major scientific challenges using this advanced microscopy method.