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Related Concept Videos

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Imprinting01:22

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Behavioral imprinting is observed in some newborn animals and occurs when they develop strong and specific attachments to another animal (usually a parent) following brief, early-life exposures. Offspring imprint onto parents within a brief period after birth or hatching; this time window is called the critical period. Once imprinting occurs, the bond established between the parents and their offspring is usually long-lasting.
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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Determination of DNA Methylation of Imprinted Genes in Arabidopsis Endosperm
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Evolution and function of genomic imprinting in plants.

Jessica A Rodrigues1, Daniel Zilberman1

  • 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.

Genes & Development
|December 19, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genomic imprinting, a gene expression phenomenon based on parent of origin, is found in plants and mammals. This review explores plant imprinting mechanisms, evolution, and biological significance, highlighting DNA and histone methylation roles.

Keywords:
DNA methylationepigeneticsevolutiongenomic imprintinghistone methylationplant reproduction

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics
  • Plant Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Genomic imprinting involves parent-specific gene expression, a phenomenon observed in both mammals and flowering plants.
  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and histone methylation, are crucial regulators of genomic imprinting.
  • Hundreds of imprinted plant genes have been identified through genome-scale surveys.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms of genomic imprinting in plants.
  • To discuss theories regarding the evolution and biological significance of plant imprinting.
  • To integrate recent findings into the understanding of plant genomic imprinting.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on plant genomic imprinting.
  • Analysis of genome-scale surveys of imprinted gene expression.
  • Examination of epigenetic marks associated with imprinting.

Main Results:

  • DNA and histone methylation are confirmed as key regulators of plant imprinting.
  • Numerous imprinted genes have been identified in plants.
  • The biological roles of most imprinted plant genes remain largely unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Plant genomic imprinting is a complex epigenetic phenomenon regulated by methylation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the biological functions and evolutionary drivers of plant imprinting.