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Obesity and infection: reciprocal causality.

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Certain infections can cause obesity, with adenovirus 36 (Adv36) being a confirmed cause. Adv36 impacts fat tissue and metabolism, offering potential targets for treating obesity and diabetes.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious disease
  • Metabolic disorders
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Over 30 years of research links infections and obesity.
  • Obesity can increase susceptibility to infections due to impaired immunity.
  • Some infections are suspected causal factors for human obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evidence linking infectious agents to obesity.
  • To highlight adenovirus 36 (Adv36) as a causally linked agent.
  • To explore therapeutic potential of Adv36's mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on infection and obesity.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of Adv36 in adipose tissue.
  • Examination of the role of Adv36's E4orf1 gene.

Main Results:

  • Adenovirus 36 (Adv36) is causally linked to human obesity.
  • Adv36 activates lipogenic and pro-inflammatory pathways in adipose tissue.
  • Adv36 improves insulin sensitivity, lipid profile, and hepatic steatosis; its E4orf1 gene has insulin-sensitizing effects without inflammation.

Conclusions:

  • Adv36 is a significant contributor to obesity with metabolic benefits.
  • Adv36's E4orf1 gene shows potential for antidiabetic drug development.
  • Further research is needed to understand infection-obesity interactions and identify new agents.