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Nutritional and Pubertal Disorders.

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    Eating disorders and malnutrition can delay puberty and growth. Childhood obesity may accelerate it, while the female athlete triad and cancer treatments cause varied pubertal and endocrine issues.

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    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Endocrinology
    • Reproductive Health
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Eating disorders, childhood obesity, the female athlete triad, and cancer survivorship present unique endocrine and pubertal challenges.
    • Malnutrition, particularly caloric-protein deficiency, is linked to growth deceleration and pubertal delay.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review endocrine abnormalities and pubertal alterations in specific pediatric populations.
    • To discuss the impact of malnutrition, obesity, athletic training, and cancer therapies on development.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review focusing on endocrine and pubertal changes in patients with eating disorders, obesity, female athlete triad, and cancer survivors.
    • Analysis of the relationship between nutritional status, hormonal function, and pubertal timing.

    Main Results:

    • Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, delayed puberty, and reduced growth, responsive to multidisciplinary treatment.
    • Childhood obesity may accelerate pubertal onset and linear growth, potentially linked to insulin resistance.
    • The female athlete triad involves low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone density, with exercise impacting menarche and cycle regularity differently based on pubertal stage.
    • Cancer treatment sequelae are highly variable, depending on cancer type, treatment modalities, and patient age.

    Conclusions:

    • Endocrine and pubertal development are significantly influenced by nutritional status, body weight, physical activity, and medical treatments in children and adolescents.
    • Multifaceted therapeutic approaches are essential for managing these complex conditions and optimizing long-term health outcomes.