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Fluctuating, warm temperatures decrease the effect of a key floral repressor on flowering time in Arabidopsis

Liana T Burghardt1,2, Daniel E Runcie3, Amity M Wilczek1,4

  • 1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.

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|December 19, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Environmental temperature fluctuations significantly impact plant flowering time and morphology. Dynamic warm temperatures accelerate flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, challenging previous findings based on constant conditions.

Keywords:
Arabidopsis thalianaFLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC)FRIGIDAflowering timefluctuating temperaturelife historyphenotypic plasticityshade avoidance

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biology
  • Genetics
  • Environmental science

Background:

  • Plant growth and development are typically studied under constant lab conditions, but natural environments exhibit dynamic temperature changes.
  • Flowering time is a critical developmental process influenced by genetic and environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of daily temperature fluctuations, average temperature, day length, and vernalization on flowering time in 59 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes.
  • To assess the impact of temperature on plant morphology and growth.

Main Methods:

  • Studied 59 Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes with known allelic perturbations affecting flowering time.
  • Exposed plants to various temperature conditions: constant vs. fluctuating, warm (22°C) vs. cool (12°C).
  • Assessed flowering time, morphology, and growth rates.

Main Results:

  • 17 genotypes, many with high FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) levels, showed significantly earlier flowering under fluctuating warm temperatures compared to constant warm temperatures.
  • This accelerated flowering was not due to vernalization, differential growth, or high temperatures, and was absent in cool conditions.
  • In constant temperatures, genotypes flowered faster in cool than warm conditions, a response reversed by fluctuating temperatures.
  • Fluctuating warm temperatures induced morphological changes related to shade avoidance and high-temperature phenotypes.

Conclusions:

  • Constant temperature studies may overestimate the role of floral repressors like FLC in regulating flowering time.
  • Environmental temperature dynamics, particularly fluctuations, play a crucial role in plant development and morphology.
  • Arabidopsis thaliana responses to temperature are complex and context-dependent, varying with fluctuation and average temperature.