Barriers to implementation of opioid overdose prevention programs in Ohio

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Substance Abuse Research

Background:

• Overdose fatalities represent a national epidemic, with Ohio experiencing particularly high death rates and significant prescription opioid trafficking.
• The escalating crisis necessitates effective interventions and a thorough understanding of existing prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize opioid overdose prevention programs (OOPPs) in Ohio.
• To identify barriers hindering the successful implementation and expansion of these vital programs.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional survey was administered to OOPPs in Ohio between August and October 2014.
• A high response rate of 91% was achieved with 18 programs participating in the study.

Main Results:

• OOPPs in Ohio experienced rapid growth, with all programs distributing nasal naloxone and overdose prevention education; 89% offered free overdose kits.
• Programs reported 149 overdose reversals, but 83% faced implementation barriers including stigma, cost, staffing, and legal/regulatory issues.
• Recent legislative changes in Ohio aim to reduce obstacles to naloxone distribution and administration.

Conclusions:

• Opioid overdose prevention programs have significantly expanded in Ohio over a three-year period.
• While legislative actions have begun to address some implementation challenges, persistent stigma and the cost of naloxone continue to impede program effectiveness.