Approaches to the manipulation of mammary involution

Mammary involution is a gradual process that occurs following cessation of milking. Regression of mammary secretory tissue accompanies dramatic changes in secretion composition during the transition from lactation to involution. Conversely, rapid differentiation of secretory tissue and copious accumulation of colostrum occur as parturition approaches. The duration of the nonlactating period, mammary gland health, and secretory cell response to hormones influence subsequent lactational performance in most species. Manipulation of the bovine mammary gland in an attempt to hasten involution has been studied. The primary objective of these studies was to determine if hastened involution would decrease new intramammary infections during the early nonlactating period. Results of these studies have also led to a more fundamental understanding of events that occur during physiological transition of the mammary gland. Adequate regression, proliferation, and differentiation of mammary secretory epithelium during the nonlactating period of ruminants appear to be essential for maximal milk production during lactation. Factors that interfere with these mechanisms can adversely affect mammary function during the impending lactation. A greater understanding of these processes may provide new approaches for increasing milk production in dairy cattle.