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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Profiling of Estrogen-regulated MicroRNAs in Breast Cancer Cells
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Noncoding RNAs in breast cancer.

Pang-Kuo Lo, Benjamin Wolfson, Xipeng Zhou

    Briefings in Functional Genomics
    |December 20, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), are crucial regulators in breast cancer development. Understanding their roles offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for breast cancer.

    Keywords:
    breast cancerlong noncoding RNAsmicroRNAsnoncoding RNAspiwi-interacting RNAs

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics
    • Oncology

    Background:

    • The mammalian transcriptome includes numerous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with regulatory functions.
    • Short noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) like microRNAs (miRNAs) and piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are involved in gene expression and stem cell regulation.
    • Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators in development and implicated in various cancers, including breast cancer.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the roles of sncRNAs and lncRNAs in breast tumorigenesis.
    • To outline the molecular mechanisms of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor ncRNAs.
    • To discuss current and future clinical applications of ncRNAs in breast cancer research.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on ncRNAs in breast cancer.
    • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying ncRNA function in tumorigenesis.
    • Exploration of ncRNA-based diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic strategies.

    Main Results:

    • ncRNAs, including miRNAs, piRNAs, and lncRNAs, play significant roles in the initiation and progression of breast cancer.
    • Dysregulation of specific ncRNAs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.
    • ncRNAs are implicated in regulating gene expression, stem cell maintenance, and developmental processes relevant to breast cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • ncRNAs are critical players in breast cancer pathogenesis.
    • Understanding ncRNA mechanisms provides insights into oncogenesis and tumor suppression.
    • ncRNAs hold promise for novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in clinical breast cancer management.