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Chirality

Chirality

Chirality is a term that describes the lack of mirror symmetry in an object. In other words, chiral objects cannot be superposed on their mirror images. For example, our feet are chiral, as the mirror image of the left foot, the right foot, cannot be superposed on the left foot.
Chiral objects exhibit a sense of handedness when they interact with another chiral object. For example, our left foot can only fit in the left shoe and not in the right shoe. Achiral objects — objects that have...

Chirality in Nature

Chirality in Nature

Chirality is the most intriguing yet essential facet of nature, governing life’s biochemical processes and precision. It can be observed from a snail shell pattern in a macroscopic world to an amino acid, the minutest building block of life. Most of the snails around the world have right-coiled shells because of the intrinsic chirality in their genes. All the amino acids present in the human body exist in an enantiomerically pure state, except for glycine - the sole achiral amino acid.

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

Properties of Enantiomers and Optical Activity

It is essential to understand the difference between chiral and achiral interactions and the implications thereof in optical activity and their applications. Just as our feet, which are chiral, interact uniquely with chiral objects, such as a pair of shoes, but identically with achiral socks, enantiomers of a molecule exhibit different properties only when they interact with other chiral media. An example of a significant implication from this facet is the phenomenon known as optical activity,...

Prochirality

Prochirality

The concept of prochirality leads to the nomenclature of the individual faces of a molecule and plays a crucial role in the enantioselective reaction. It is a concept where two or more achiral molecules react to produce chiral products. A typical process is the reaction of an achiral ketone to generate a chiral alcohol. Here, the achiral reactant reacts with an achiral reducing agent, sodium borohydride, to generate an equimolar mixture of the chiral enantiomers of the product. For example, an...

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules with Multiple Chiral Centers

Molecules that possess multiple chiral centers can afford a large number of stereoisomers. For instance, while some molecules like 2-butanol have one chiral center, defined as a tetrahedral carbon atom with four different substituents attached, several molecules like butane-2,3-diol have multiple chiral centers. A simple formula to predict the number of stereoisomers possible for a molecule with n chiral centers is 2n. However, there can be a lower number where some of the stereoisomers are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor

Published on: August 30, 2012

Circular dichroism based refractive index sensing using chiral metamaterials.

Yizhuo He¹, Keelan Lawrence¹, Whitney Ingram¹

¹Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA. yizhuohe@physast.uga.edu.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, England)

|December 22, 2015

Summary

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures enhance localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensor performance. Differential transmittance measurements using circularly polarized light offer improved sensing capabilities compared to standard transmittance methods.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Optics
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensors are widely used for detecting analytes.
Improving the sensitivity and specificity of LSPR sensors remains a key challenge in analytical chemistry.
Chiral nanostructures offer unique optical properties that can be exploited for sensing applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel strategy for enhancing the sensing performance of LSPR sensors.
To investigate the potential of chiral plasmonic nanostructures in LSPR sensing.
To compare the sensing capabilities of circularly polarized differential transmittance (CPDT) with standard circularly polarized transmittance (CPT).

Main Methods:

Fabrication of chiral plasmonic nanostructures.
Characterization of the optical properties of the nanostructures.
Implementation of CPDT and CPT measurements for LSPR sensing.
Analysis of sensing performance metrics, such as sensitivity and limit of detection.

Main Results:

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures exhibit distinct optical responses.
CPDT measurements demonstrate enhanced sensing performance compared to CPT under specific conditions.
The proposed strategy effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio in LSPR sensing.

Conclusions:

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures provide a promising platform for advanced LSPR sensing.
CPDT is a valuable technique for boosting the sensitivity of LSPR sensors.
This strategy offers a new avenue for developing highly sensitive and selective chemical and biological sensors.