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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Functional Assessment of the Donor Heart During Ex Situ Perfusion: Insights from Pressure-Volume Loops and Surface Echocardiography

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Post-stenotic Recirculating Flow May Cause Hemodynamic Perforator Infarction.

Bum Joon Kim¹, Hojin Ha², Hyung Kyu Huh²

¹Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Journal of Stroke

|December 22, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Paramedian pontine infarction (PPI) can result from altered hemodynamics due to basilar artery (BA) stenosis. A 3D-printed model revealed recirculating flow in the post-stenotic area, explaining PPI occurrence without atheroma.

Keywords:

Cerebral blood flow Experimental Hemodynamics Perforator infarcts

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Area of Science:

Neurology
Biomedical Engineering
Fluid Dynamics

Background:

Paramedian pontine infarction (PPI) is typically caused by atheroma obstructing perforating arteries.
A case of PPI in the post-stenotic region of the basilar artery (BA) without plaque was observed via high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the hemodynamic properties of the post-stenotic area of the basilar artery.
To elucidate the mechanism of paramedian pontine infarction (PPI) in the absence of atheroma.

Main Methods:

A 3D-printed model of basilar artery stenosis was created using HR-MRI data.
Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was employed to analyze fluid flow dynamics within the model.
Microtubules were used to measure perforator flow rates in pre- and post-stenotic regions.

Main Results:

Recirculating, spiral flow patterns were identified in the post-stenotic area, with velocities significantly lower than in other regions.
The location of this recirculating flow correlated with areas of low signal intensity on time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography and the site of PPI.
Flow rates through the post-stenotic microtubule were significantly reduced compared to others (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Stenosis-induced hemodynamic alterations, specifically recirculation flow, may cause perforator infarction.
3D-printed modeling combined with PIV offers valuable insights into the hemodynamics of intracranial stenosis.