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Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
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Improving a drug's stability in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is paramount for enhancing its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. Various strategies are employed to protect the drug from the harsh gastric milieu and to ensure its release and absorption at the desired site within the GI tract.Polymer coatings are one such method used to shield drugs from the stomach's acidic environment. By preventing premature drug release, these coatings improve the bioavailability of unstable...
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Bioavailability is a critical factor in determining a drug's effectiveness. It refers to the proportion of a drug that enters the circulation when introduced into the body and is, as a result, able to have an active effect. Enhancing bioavailability is essential for drugs with poor solubility, as it can significantly impact their therapeutic efficacy. Various methods are employed to increase the solubility of drugs, thereby enhancing their bioavailability.Micronization and nanonization are...
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Polymorphism refers to the existence of a drug substance in multiple crystalline forms, known as polymorphs. Recently, this term has been expanded to include solvates (forms containing a solvent), amorphous forms (non-crystalline forms), and desolvated solvates (forms from which the solvent has been removed).
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Cyclodextrins, cyclic oligosaccharides, enhance drug solubility, stability, and bioavailability by forming noncovalent inclusion complexes. This review explores their pharmaceutical applications and complexation efficiency.

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Science
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

  • Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides with a unique truncated cone structure.
  • They possess a hydrophilic exterior and a hydrophobic interior cavity, enabling drug molecule complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of cyclodextrins as pharmaceutical adjuvants.
  • To focus on drug solubilization via complexation and discuss binding constants and complexation efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on cyclodextrin applications in drug formulation.
  • Discussion of the principles of inclusion complex formation and characterization.

Main Results:

  • Cyclodextrins enhance drug aqueous solubility, stability, and bioavailability.
  • Inclusion complexes offer advantages like reduced irritation and improved drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Cyclodextrins are versatile pharmaceutical excipients with broad applications in solid and parenteral dosage forms.
  • Understanding complexation parameters is crucial for optimizing drug delivery systems.