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Psychophysiological Assessment of the Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Strategies in Childhood
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The development and evaluation of the paediatric index of emotional distress (PI-ED)

Suzy O'Connor1,2, Eamonn Ferguson3, Terri Carney4

  • 1Children and Young People's Mental Health, Psychology Directorate, NHS Education for Scotland, 2 Central Quay, 89 Hydepark Street, Glasgow, G3 8BW, UK. Suzy.oconnor@glasgow.ac.uk.

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology
|December 22, 2015
PubMed

Insights

The new Paediatric Index of Emotional Distress (PI-ED) is a brief, reliable tool for screening emotional distress in children and young people. It accurately identifies anxiety and depression, offering clinical utility.

Area of Science:

  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Psychometric Evaluation
  • Mental Health Screening

Background:

  • Existing anxiety and depression measures for children and young people (CYP) can be lengthy and include somatic symptoms.
  • Current tools may inflate scores in physically ill CYP and contain distressing items, limiting clinical practicality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate the Paediatric Index of Emotional Distress (PI-ED) as a new screening tool for emotional distress in CYP.
  • To model the PI-ED on the established Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for improved clinical application.

Main Methods:

  • Examined psychometric properties of the PI-ED using a school-based sample (n=1026).
  • Established sensitivity and specificity of the PI-ED with a clinical sample of CYP (n=143).

Main Results:

  • Factor analyses revealed a bi-factor model with a general emotional distress factor ('cothymia') and anxiety/depression co-factors.
  • The PI-ED demonstrated strong psychometric properties and clinical utility, with a recommended cutoff score of 20.

Conclusions:

  • The PI-ED is a brief, valid, and reliable screening tool for emotional distress in CYP.
  • The PI-ED offers practical clinical utility for identifying emotional distress in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
AnxietyChildren/young peopleDepressionEmotional distressHADsPI-EDPsychometricsSensitivitySpecificity

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