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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Plans01:23

Sampling Plans

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Sampling is a crucial step in analytical chemistry, allowing researchers to collect representative data from a large population. Common sampling methods include random, judgmental, systematic, stratified, and cluster sampling.
Random sampling is a method where each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample. It involves selecting individuals randomly, often using random number generators or lottery-type methods. For example, when analyzing the properties of a...
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Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

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Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Dissolved Solute Sampling Across an Oxic-Anoxic Soil-Water Interface Using Microdialysis Profilers
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Continuous sampling of MSWI dioxins.

Pao-Chen Hung1, Shu-Hao Chang1, Alfons Buekens2

  • 1Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Central University, Taiwan.

Chemosphere
|December 22, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) start-up conditions pose challenges for dioxin (PCDD/F) emissions. A new continuous sampler effectively monitors these transient emissions, showing they decrease significantly after initial start-up periods.

Keywords:
Long-term samplingPCDD/FsSelf-developed continuous samplerStart-up period

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Pollution Control

Background:

  • Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) is a controlled source of dioxins (PCDD/F).
  • Start-up conditions in MSWI plants are problematic for dioxin emissions.
  • Existing short-term sampling methods may not accurately represent transient emissions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a continuous sampler for monitoring dioxin emissions during diverse operating conditions in MSWI.
  • To assess the trends and levels of dioxin emissions during MSWI start-up phases.
  • To compare the effectiveness of continuous sampling versus short-term methods for transient emission monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • A self-developed continuous sampler was designed and utilized, adhering to U.S. EPA Method 23 criteria.
  • Dioxin emissions were monitored during normal operation and start-up periods in an MSWI plant.
  • Activated carbon injection plus bag filtration (ACI + BF) was employed for emission control.

Main Results:

  • A 98.1% TEQ PCDD/F removal efficiency was achieved during normal operation with ACI + BF.
  • Dioxin emission limits were exceeded for 12 and 9 days during start-up in two test campaigns.
  • Emissions returned to normal operational levels approximately 15 days after start-up.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous sampling is more suitable than short-term methods for accurately monitoring transient dioxin emissions during MSWI start-up.
  • The developed continuous sampler enhances the ease and reliability of collecting emission data during transient MSWI conditions.
  • MSWI start-up requires careful management to control transient dioxin emissions below regulatory standards.