Design of Advanced MnO/N-Gr 3D Walls through Polymer Cross-Linking for High-Performance Supercapacitor

Three-dimensional, vertically aligned MnO/nitrogen-doped graphene (3D MnO/N-Gr) walls were prepared through facile solution-phase synthesis followed by thermal treatment. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was strategically added to generate cross-links to simultaneously form 3D wall structures and to incorporate nitrogen atoms into the graphene network. The unique wall features of the as-prepared 3D MnO/N-Gr hybirdes provide a large surface area (91.516 m(2) g(-1)) and allow for rapid diffusion of the ion electrolyte, resulting in a high specific capacitance of 378 F g(-1) at 0.25 A g(-1) and an excellent charge/discharge stability (93.7% capacity retention after 8000 cycles) in aqueous 1 m Na2 SO4 solution as electrolyte. Moreover, the symmetric supercapacitors that were rationally designed by using 3D MnO/N-Gr hybrids exhibit outstanding electrochemical performance in an organic electrolyte with an energy density of 90.6 Wh kg(-1) and a power density of 437.5 W kg(-1).