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Area of Science:

  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Auditory Perception

Background:

  • Models of speech perception differ on how contextual information influences target word identification.
  • Interactive models propose that higher-level information (e.g., lexical context) can influence prelexical processing.
  • Previous research suggests context effects on phoneme identification might be too rapid for interactive models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of contextual influences on phoneme identification.
  • To differentiate between interactive and autonomous models of speech perception.
  • To determine if lexical feedback affects prelexical representations.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments used voice-onset time continua (bay-pay, buy-pie) to create phonetically ambiguous targets.
  • Experiment 1 used noun- and verb-biasing sentence contexts.
  • Experiment 2 used filler words to focus on phonemic decisions, minimizing word-level strategies.

Main Results:

  • Phonetically ambiguous targets were biased by preceding sentence context in both experiments.
  • In Experiment 1, the context effect size decreased with slower responses.
  • In Experiment 2, the context effect remained strong across response times, regardless of phonemic decision strategies.

Conclusions:

  • The results support interactive models by demonstrating lasting top-down effects of lexical context on prelexical phoneme representations.
  • Contextual biases in speech perception are robust and not solely dependent on rapid, pre-lexical processing.
  • Lexical feedback significantly influences early stages of speech perception.