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Author Spotlight: Investigating the Pathophysiology of Eosinophilic Esophagitis
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The Eosinophil in Infection.

Karen A Ravin1,2, Michael Loy3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE, 19803, USA. karen.ravin@nemours.org.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|December 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Eosinophils, once thought only to cause damage, are now understood as crucial for host defense. These versatile immune cells play vital roles in immunity against various infections.

Keywords:
Adaptive immunityBacterial infectionEosinophilFungal infectionHost defenseImmune regulationInnate immunityParasitic infectionSpecific granuleViral infection

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Eosinophils were historically viewed as detrimental effector cells, primarily linked to helminth infections and tissue damage.
  • Recent research over 30 years has revealed the complex functions of eosinophils in host defense and immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the eosinophil's biology, structure, and multifaceted roles in innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To highlight the eosinophil's importance in immunomodulation and defense against diverse pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on eosinophil biology, function, and interactions.
  • Analysis of eosinophil's role in immune responses, including antigen presentation and cytokine secretion.

Main Results:

  • Eosinophils possess ligand receptors involved in cell growth, adhesion, chemotaxis, and degranulation.
  • They activate complement pathways and secrete cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors.
  • Eosinophils function as antigen-presenting cells, interacting with T and B cells to modulate immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Eosinophils are essential components of host defense, crucial for immunity against parasitic, viral, fungal, and bacterial infections.
  • Their role extends beyond helminth defense, encompassing complex immunomodulatory functions.
  • Eosinophils are vital for overall host defense and immunity, not detrimental as previously thought.