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Rapid Mix Preparation of Bioinspired Nanoscale Hydroxyapatite for Biomedical Applications

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Ion-doping as a strategy to modulate hydroxyapatite nanoparticle internalization.

Z Zhao¹, M Espanol¹, J Guillem-Marti¹

¹Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Av. Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain. Montserrat.espanol@upc.edu and Centre for Research in Nanoengineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Pascual i Vila 15, Barcelona 08028, Spain.

|December 23, 2015

Summary

Ionic doping of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (NPs) influences their interaction with cells. Magnesium-doped NPs showed high cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells but not rat mesenchymal stem cells, indicating doping can control NP internalization.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Ionic substitutions on bulk hydroxyapatite (HA) impact biological performance.
The effect of ionic substitutions on HA nanoparticles (NPs) for drug delivery and gene transfection is largely unknown.
NP internalization raises questions and possibilities for biomedical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate the effect of various ion-doped HA NPs on cell behavior.
To investigate the influence of doping ions (carbonate, magnesium, co-addition) on HA NPs.
To assess how NP dispersion, serum presence, and cell type affect NP-cell interactions.

Main Methods:

Synthesis of HA-like NPs doped with carbonate, magnesium, or both, under consistent conditions.
Cell culture studies using MG-63 cells and rat mesenchymal stem cells (rMSCs).
Evaluation of NP effects on cell behavior considering NP dispersion (citrate-dispersed vs. agglomerated), presence of 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS), and cell type.

Main Results:

Magnesium (Mg)-doping significantly increased cytotoxicity in MG-63 cells, but not in rMSCs.
NP surface charge strongly influenced MG-63 cell interaction, with highly negative charges inhibiting internalization.
This effect of surface charge on internalization was less pronounced in rMSCs compared to MG-63 cells.

Conclusions:

Ionic doping, specifically Mg-doping, can be a strategy to modulate NP internalization and cell response.
Cell type and surface charge are critical factors determining the biological performance of doped HA NPs.
Findings suggest potential for tailored NP design for targeted delivery and controlled cellular interactions.