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[Syndrome X].

L Favaro, F Masini, M L Maffei

    Recenti Progressi in Medicina
    |May 1, 1989
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diagnosis of X syndrome requires consistent criteria, including typical anginal pain and proven ischemic processes. Current literature presents varied inclusion/exclusion criteria, potentially invalidating results and necessitating further clarification on pathophysiology.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • X syndrome diagnosis lacks standardized inclusion/exclusion criteria, leading to inconsistent research findings.
    • Existing literature presents conflicting data on prevalence, particularly regarding gender differences, likely due to methodological biases.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the literature on X syndrome and identify key diagnostic criteria.
    • To clarify the pathophysiology and diagnostic challenges associated with X syndrome.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic literature review of studies on X syndrome.
    • Analysis of diagnostic criteria, inclusion/exclusion parameters, and reported pathophysiological findings.

    Main Results:

    • Significant heterogeneity in inclusion/exclusion criteria across studies was identified, often invalidating results.

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  • Recommended diagnostic criteria include typical anginal pain, normal coronary vessels, normal resting left ventricle, and exclusion of variant angina and other diseases.
  • Provocative testing is essential to prove an ischemic process; dynamic limitation of coronary flow reserve and left ventricular dysfunction during stress are notable findings.

    • Conclusions:

    • Standardized diagnostic criteria for X syndrome are crucial for reliable research.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact pathophysiology, including the role of left ventricular dysfunction and its relationship to variant angina or cardiomyopathy.
    • Reported higher prevalence in women requires substantiation and may be attributed to biases.