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Hemorheological and Glycemic Parameters and HDL Cholesterol for the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events
Sung Woo Cho1, Byung Gyu Kim1, Byung Ok Kim1
1College of Medicine, Inje University, Seoul, Korea.
Insights
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are key predictors of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and coronary heart disease (CHD). These hemorheological and lipid parameters, along with glycemic control, offer valuable insights into cardiovascular risk in outpatients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Medicine
- Clinical Chemistry
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Biomarkers such as hemorheological parameters, glycemic status, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are crucial for assessing atherosclerosis and thrombosis risk.
- Understanding the interplay of these markers is vital for predicting cardiovascular outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the association and clinical significance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HDL cholesterol.
- To determine their predictive value for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an outpatient setting.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 708 stable outpatients was followed for a mean of 28.5 months.
- Patients were categorized based on the occurrence of MACE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed CHD, cerebral vascular accident).
- Hemorheological, glycemic, and lipid profiles were compared between groups.
Main Results:
- Patients with MACE exhibited higher ESR, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, alongside lower HDL cholesterol compared to those without MACE.
- Elevated ESR and fibrinogen, and low HDL cholesterol significantly predicted MACE risk in multivariate analysis.
- High fibrinogen and HbA1c levels were associated with increased risk of multivessel CHD, and ESR/fibrinogen correlated with HbA1c and HDL cholesterol.
Conclusions:
- Hemorheological abnormalities, poor glycemic control (high HbA1c), and low HDL cholesterol are interconnected.
- These factors serve as effective surrogate markers for predicting MACE and CHD in outpatient populations.
Background:
Hemorheological and glycemic parameters and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol are used as biomarkers of atherosclerosis and thrombosis.
Objective:
To investigate the association and clinical relevance of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), fibrinogen, fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and HDL cholesterol in the prediction of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and coronary heart disease (CHD) in an outpatient population.
Methods:
708 stable patients who visited the outpatient department were enrolled and followed for a mean period of 28.5 months. Patients were divided into two groups, patients without MACE and patients with MACE, which included cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction, newly diagnosed CHD, and cerebral vascular accident. We compared hemorheological and glycemic parameters and lipid profiles between the groups.
Results:
Patients with MACE had significantly higher ESR, fibrinogen, fasting glucose, and HbA1c, while lower HDL cholesterol compared with patients without MACE. High ESR and fibrinogen and low HDL cholesterol significantly increased the risk of MACE in multivariate regression analysis. In patients with MACE, high fibrinogen and HbA1c levels increased the risk of multivessel CHD. Furthermore, ESR and fibrinogen were significantly positively correlated with HbA1c and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol, however not correlated with fasting glucose.
Conclusion:
Hemorheological abnormalities, poor glycemic control, and low HDL cholesterol are correlated with each other and could serve as simple and useful surrogate markers and predictors for MACE and CHD in outpatients.
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