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Development and Validation of the Eyelash Satisfaction Questionnaire
Jeff Dang1, Jason C Cole1, Somali M Burgess1
1At the time of this research, Dr Dang was President and Senior Research Scientist at Consulting Measurement Group, Torrance, California. Dr Cole was Director and Senior Scientist and Dr Yang was Senior Scientist at QualityMetric, Inc., Lincoln, Rhode Island. Dr Burgess was Director of Global Health Outcomes Strategy and Research, Dr Daniels was Manager of Global Health Outcomes Strategy and Research, and Mr Walt was Director of Global Strategic Marketing at Allergan, Inc., Irvine, California.
A new Eyelash Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESQ) was developed and validated to assess patient satisfaction with eyelash prominence. The ESQ is a reliable and valid patient-reported outcome measure for aesthetic research.
Area of Science:
- Aesthetic research
- Psychometrics
- Patient-reported outcome measures
Background:
- Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are increasingly vital in aesthetic research for assessing treatment benefits.
- PROs provide valuable insights into patient satisfaction and treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a novel PRO measure, the Eyelash Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESQ).
- To assess patient satisfaction specifically related to eyelash prominence.
Main Methods:
- Literature review, participant interviews, and expert opinion informed questionnaire content.
- Cognitive interviews piloted the questionnaire, followed by psychometric validation in 970 participants (Internet and paper-based).
- Modern and classical psychometric techniques analyzed item- and domain-level properties.
Main Results:
- Qualitative analysis identified three domains: Length, Fullness, Overall Satisfaction; Confidence, Attractiveness, and Professionalism; and Daily Routine.
- An initial 23-item model showed poor fit, but a revised 9-item ESQ achieved excellent fit (CFI=0.99, NNFI=0.97).
- The 9-item ESQ demonstrated measurement equivalence across formats, strong reliability (Cronbach's α=0.919-0.976), and adequate validity.
Conclusions:
- The Eyelash Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESQ) is a reliable and valid PRO measure.
- The ESQ effectively assesses patient satisfaction with eyelash prominence.
- This validated tool supports its use in aesthetic research.
