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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Intrauterine Drug Delivery Systems01:21

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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections01:26

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Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
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Concrete's susceptibility to water absorption is due to the capillary action within the pores of its hydrated cement paste. This action draws water in, creating the need for waterproofing admixtures to prevent such penetration. The efficacy of these admixtures is contingent upon the water pressure, with variations arising from different conditions such as rain, capillary rise, or hydrostatic pressure in structures intended to hold water.
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Conjugation01:19

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Conjugation is a form of horizontal gene transfer that primarily occurs in bacteria and some archaea, promoting genetic diversity and adaptation. Bacteria can acquire resistance genes through conjugative plasmids, allowing them to survive antibiotic treatments that would otherwise be lethal. This process involves direct contact between cells through specialized structures such as the sex pilus and is mediated by conjugative plasmids, including the F (fertility) factor.Conjugation requires...
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Sperm Structure and Semen Composition01:22

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During ejaculation, males release around 2-5 milliliters of semen, which is a complex mixture of mature sperm and various fluids produced by accessory glands. The mature sperm cells measure approximately 60 micrometers in length and consist of a head, neck, midpiece, and tail. The head is flattened and tapered, measuring about 4 to 5 micrometers in length. It contains a nucleus with condensed chromosomes and an acrosome, a cap-like structure filled with enzymes essential for penetrating the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Synthesis of Soft Polysiloxane-urea Elastomers for Intraocular Lens Application
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Condoms: Past, present, and future.

Y S Marfatia1, Ipsa Pandya1, Kajal Mehta1

  • 1Department of Skin and VD, Baroda Medical College, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.

Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS
|December 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Condoms are crucial for preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and HIV, offering over 90% protection. Consistent and correct condom use is vital for public health strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Prevention
  • Sexual Health

Background:

  • Condoms have evolved significantly from ancient materials to modern latex.
  • Charles Goodyear's invention of rubber vulcanization revolutionized condom production.
  • Various condom types exist, including male, female, and innovative futuristic designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the historical evolution of condoms.
  • To emphasize the protective efficacy of condoms against STIs/HIV.
  • To discuss current and future condom innovations.

Main Methods:

  • Historical review of condom development.
  • Summary of scientific evidence on condom effectiveness.
  • Overview of emerging condom technologies.
Keywords:
Condomsefficacyfuturehistoryissues

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Main Results:

  • Condoms provide over 90% protection against HIV, Hepatitis B, and N. Gonorrhoea.
  • Female condoms offer a unique female-controlled contraceptive option.
  • New technologies like graphene, nano-lubrication, and wearable condoms are emerging.

Conclusions:

  • Condoms remain a cornerstone of STI/HIV prevention strategies.
  • Promoting correct and consistent condom use is essential.
  • Technological advancements promise enhanced future protection methods.