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Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells
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Evading anti-angiogenic therapy: resistance to anti-angiogenic therapy in solid tumors

Nandini Dey1, Pradip De1, Leyland-Jones Brian1

  • 1Department of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Precision Oncology Center, Avera Research Institute Sioux Falls, SD, USA.

American Journal of Translational Research
|December 23, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Anti-VEGF therapy resistance in tumors is common. This review explores VEGF-independent angiogenesis, including myeloid cell roles and vascular mimicry, to understand and overcome treatment failures in solid tumors.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Cancer Biology
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drives tumor angiogenesis, a key process in tumor growth and metastasis.
  • Anti-VEGF therapy has been a cornerstone of cancer treatment, but resistance limits its efficacy.
  • Emerging research highlights VEGF-independent angiogenesis as a mechanism of resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the cellular and molecular factors contributing to anti-angiogenic resistance.
  • To discuss the role of VEGF-independent angiogenesis in tumor progression.
  • To explore novel mechanisms like vascular mimicry and myeloid cell involvement.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on anti-angiogenic resistance.
  • Analysis of molecular and cellular pathways in VEGF-independent angiogenesis.
  • Examination of clinical data on anti-VEGF therapy outcomes in solid tumors.

Main Results:

  • Resistance to anti-VEGF therapy is multifactorial, involving both inherent and acquired mechanisms.
  • VEGF-independent angiogenesis pathways are activated in resistant tumors.
  • Myeloid cells and vascular mimicry are significant contributors to tumor angiogenesis beyond VEGF.

Conclusions:

  • Tumor angiogenesis is not solely dependent on VEGF.
  • Understanding VEGF-independent pathways is crucial for developing effective anti-angiogenic therapies.
  • Targeting alternative angiogenic mechanisms may overcome resistance and improve patient outcomes.
Keywords:
VEGFbiomarkersmyeloid cellsvascular mimicry

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