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Diabetes: Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Complications01:15

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Carbohydrates are polymers composed of molecules containing atoms of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One gram of carbohydrate can provide four kilo-calories of energy, which makes it the most efficient instant energy source.
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Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
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Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Diabetes mellitus in elderly.

Farida Chentli1, Said Azzoug1, Souad Mahgoun1

  • 1Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Bab El Oued Teaching Hospital, Algiers, Algeria.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|December 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a growing global health issue, particularly in older adults. Management requires individualized care, especially for frail individuals with cognitive impairments, to prevent complications.

Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentcomplicationsdiabetes mellituselderlyinsulin resistancemicro-nutrimentstreatment individualization

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence is increasing globally due to longer life expectancy and lifestyle changes.
  • Older adults (≥60-65 years) face a significant public health challenge with high rates of diabetes and dysglycemia.
  • DM complications and comorbidities are more prevalent in elderly individuals, including cardiovascular diseases, visual, and cognitive impairments like Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the growing problem of diabetes mellitus in the elderly population worldwide.
  • To discuss the unique challenges and complications associated with diabetes in older adults.
  • To emphasize the need for individualized treatment approaches for elderly diabetic patients, particularly the frail.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on diabetes in older adults.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data and clinical observations regarding DM prevalence and complications in the elderly.
  • Categorization of elderly diabetic patients into 'fit' and 'frail' groups based on health status and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • Older adults experience a higher burden of DM complications, including cardiovascular disease, visual impairment, and cognitive decline (e.g., Alzheimer's disease).
  • Shared risk factors between DM and Alzheimer's disease, such as insulin resistance, physical inactivity, and eating disorders, are noted.
  • Elderly patients with DM are categorized into fit individuals and frail individuals, necessitating tailored management strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes management in the elderly requires careful consideration of comorbidities, cognitive status, and polypharmacy.
  • A 'go slow and individualize' approach is crucial for frail elderly patients to prevent adverse events like iatrogenic hypoglycemia.
  • Individualized treatment plans, focusing on physical activity, diet, and medication, are essential for optimizing care in older adults with diabetes.