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Bioelectrical impedance in clinical practice.

B J Zarowitz1, A M Pilla

  • 1Department of Pharmacy Services, Henry Ford Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202.

DICP : the Annals of Pharmacotherapy
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
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Bioelectrical impedance (BI) is a safe and rapid method to assess body composition by measuring electrical resistance and reactance. This noninvasive technique has clinical applications in fluid monitoring and nutritional assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Physiology
  • Medical Physics

Background:

  • Bioelectrical impedance (BI) measures the body's electrical properties using a low-voltage alternating current.
  • Lean tissues and fluids conduct electricity, while fat and bone act as insulators.
  • Cell membranes create capacitive resistance, influencing impedance measurements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explain the principles of bioelectrical impedance analysis.
  • To highlight its applications in body composition assessment.
  • To discuss its clinical utility and potential.

Main Methods:

  • A low-voltage alternating current is passed through the body.
  • Electrical resistance (R) and reactance (Xc) are measured.
  • Multiple regression equations using BI data (R, Xc) with anthropometric factors predict body composition.

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Main Results:

  • BI measurements yield resistance and reactance values.
  • These values, combined with height, weight, age, and gender, predict body composition compartments.
  • BI has been validated against traditional body composition analysis methods.

Conclusions:

  • Bioelectrical impedance is a noninvasive, safe, rapid, and reproducible technique.
  • It is valuable for assessing body composition and monitoring fluid status.
  • BI shows significant potential for diverse clinical applications.