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Direct measurement of upper airway inflammation in children with chronic rhinosinusitis: implications for asthma

Yesim Y Demirdag1, Hassan H Ramadan

  • 1aDivision of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York City, New York bDepartment of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA.

Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology
|December 24, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Understanding chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) in children requires more research into upper airway inflammation. Current findings suggest eosinophilic and T-cell driven patterns, potentially linking to asthma symptoms.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Otorhinolaryngology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a prevalent, complex condition affecting both children and adults with incompletely understood mechanisms.
  • Inflammatory patterns in the upper airways are key to understanding CRS pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on the etiologies and pathogenesis of CRS in children.
  • To examine inflammatory patterns in the upper airways of children and adults with CRS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent studies investigating upper airway inflammation in pediatric and adult CRS.
  • Analysis of cytokine patterns and their correlation with clinical symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Limited studies in children suggest eosinophilic and T-cell driven inflammation in CRS.
  • Upper airway cytokine patterns in children with CRS may correlate with asthma symptoms.
  • Adult CRS shows distinct inflammatory patterns: eosinophilic/Th-2 in CRS with polyps, Th-1 in CRS without polyps.

Conclusions:

  • Knowledge regarding upper airway tissue inflammation in pediatric CRS is currently limited.
  • Further research is essential to elucidate CRS pathogenesis and define subgroups.
  • Identifying biological targets for treatment necessitates a deeper understanding of CRS pathophysiology.
Abstract

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