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Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

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Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
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Alleles are different forms of the same gene. Humans and other diploid organisms inherit two alleles of every gene, one from each parent.
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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

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Overview
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Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

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Monohybrid Crosses01:20

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Induction and Evaluation of Inbreeding Crosses Using the Ant, Vollenhovia Emeryi
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Genetic evaluation for three-way crossbreeding.

Ole F Christensen1, Andres Legarra2, Mogens S Lund3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, P.O. BOX 50, 8830, Tjele, Denmark. olef.christensen@mbg.au.dk.

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Summary

New models enable genetic evaluation for three-way crossbreeding systems, incorporating genomic selection and crossbred performance. This framework allows for improved breeding values using pedigree and marker data for enhanced pig production.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Breeding and Genetics
  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Genomic Selection

Background:

  • Commercial pig production commonly employs three-breed terminal crossbreeding systems.
  • Genomic selection is increasingly adopted, often using single-step methods that combine pedigree and marker data.
  • Current genetic evaluation models lack specific development for three-way crossbreeding systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and present novel statistical models for genetic evaluation in three-way terminal crossbreeding systems.
  • To enable the incorporation of genomic information and crossbred performance into selection strategies.
  • To provide breeding values for both purebred and crossbred performances within these systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of four-variate models accommodating records from three pure breeds and their three-way crossbreds.
  • Modeling heterogeneity of genetic architecture and genotype-by-environment interactions.
  • Specification of additive genetic relationships using pedigree, marker data, or combined information.
  • Formulation of models using Kronecker matrix products for fitting with mixed model equations.

Main Results:

  • The presented models estimate breeding values for both purebred and crossbred performances.
  • Models can utilize pedigree-based, marker-based, or combined relationship matrices.
  • Genetic correlations are used to model heterogeneity and genotype-environment interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Novel models for genetic evaluation in three-way crossbreeding systems have been successfully developed.
  • These models integrate pedigree and genomic information for enhanced selection accuracy.
  • The framework facilitates the inclusion of three-way crossbred data into genetic evaluations, improving breeding programs.