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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Overview
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Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants01:22

Bone Marrow Sampling and Transplants

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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
The transplant begins with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation treatment, which aim to destroy...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

Blood Transfusion and Agglutination

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
History
The history of blood transfusion dates back to the 17th century, when early attempts were made in animals. In 1818 James Blundell, a British doctor, performed the first successful human blood transfusion. Later in 1900, Karl...
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Regulatory cell therapy in kidney transplantation (The ONE Study): a harmonised design and analysis of seven non-randomised, single-arm, phase 1/2A trials.

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Ray Owen: A tribute.

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Ray David Owen (1915-2014): geneticist and immunologist. A tribute to a true pioneer.

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Leslie Brent, PhD: Professor Emeritus and Emeritus Editor of Transplantation.

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Neonatal tolerance: the biologic and historic background of exploiting the immature immune system for transplantation.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Transplantation of Tail Skin to Study Allogeneic CD4 T Cell Responses in Mice
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Transplantation tolerance--a historical introduction.

Leslie Brent1

  • 1Emeritus Professor, University of London, London, UK.

Immunology
|December 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Immunological tolerance, a state of unresponsiveness to foreign antigens, was established through experiments on cattle twins. These studies revealed that shared blood cells between twins prevent immune rejection of transplanted tissues.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Biology

Background:

  • The study of immunological tolerance investigates the body's ability to accept foreign tissues and antigens.
  • Early research focused on understanding the mechanisms behind immune system acceptance rather than rejection.

Observation:

  • R.D. Owen observed red blood cell chimerism in cattle dizygotic twins in 1945.
  • Peter Medawar's group independently found that cattle twins accepted each other's skin grafts.

Findings:

  • These observations, combined with theoretical work, led to experiments establishing immunological tolerance.
  • Immunological tolerance was confirmed as a fundamental biological phenomenon.

Implications:

  • This research established a new branch of immunology dedicated to understanding immune acceptance.
Keywords:
B celladhesion moleculesinflammation

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  • The findings paved the way for future studies in transplantation and autoimmunity.