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Methane Seep Carbonates Host Distinct, Diverse, and Dynamic Microbial Assemblages.

David H Case1, Alexis L Pasulka2, Jeffrey J Marlow2

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Marine methane seeps host distinct and diverse microbial communities within authigenic carbonates. These carbonate-associated microbes are resilient to changing methane seepage conditions, showing dynamic responses to seep activation and quiescence.

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Area of Science:

  • Marine microbial ecology
  • Geomicrobiology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Marine methane seeps are crucial geologic features with globally distributed subsurface fluid advection.
  • Authigenic carbonates form at seeps due to alkalinity generation during sulfate-coupled methane oxidation.
  • Carbonates shape seep landscapes and can persist long after methane flux diminishes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if carbonates host distinct microbial assemblages compared to other seep habitats.
  • To assess the sensitivity of microbial assemblages to habitat substrate and temporal methane seepage flux.
  • To investigate the resilience and responsiveness of carbonate-associated microbes to changing seep conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 134 native and experimental samples from diverse seep habitats.
  • Massively parallel 16S rRNA gene sequencing and statistical analysis.
  • In situ transplantation and colonization experiments over 13 months.

Main Results:

  • Native carbonates harbor distinct, highly diverse seep microbial assemblages.
  • Carbonate-associated microbial communities demonstrate resilience to seep quiescence and reactivity to seep activation.
  • Varied microbial responses to simulated seep changes highlight a wide range of sensitivities within phylogenies and metabolisms.

Conclusions:

  • Authigenic carbonates are not passive recorders but host dynamic and distinct microbial communities.
  • Seep carbonates are important biodiversity locales with well-adapted microbial life.
  • Understanding microbial dynamics in carbonates is key to comprehending seep ecosystem function.