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Related Concept Videos

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Absorption of Nutrients01:19

Absorption of Nutrients

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Absorption refers to taking dietary nutrients from the intestinal lumen for transportation throughout the body. After digestion in the small intestine, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are broken down into simpler forms. These essential macronutrients and other vital substances, such as vitamins, minerals, and water, are then prepared for absorption into the bloodstream.
Enterocytes, which are specialized polar epithelial cells, line the mucosa of the small intestinal walls. These cells...
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Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal01:12

Role Of Notch Signalling In Intestinal Stem Cell Renewal

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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
Direct cell-to-cell contact is needed for the activation of Notch signaling. The signal is initiated when a notch ligand binds to a receptor on an adjacent cell, also...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis
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Analyzing Beneficial Effects of Nutritional Supplements on Intestinal Epithelial Barrier Functions During Experimental Colitis

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Nutritional Keys for Intestinal Barrier Modulation.

Stefania De Santis1, Elisabetta Cavalcanti1, Mauro Mastronardi2

  • 1Laboratory of Experimental Immunopathology, IRCCS "De Bellis" , Castellana Grotte , Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The intestinal barrier protects the body from external factors. Nutritional and microbial components influence its integrity, impacting health and disease.

Keywords:
inflammationintestinal permeabilitymicrobiotamucosal immunitynutrition

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • The intestinal tract is a major interface exposed to dietary antigens.
  • Maintaining intestinal barrier integrity is crucial for preventing inflammation and disease.
  • Increased intestinal permeability is linked to chronic inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epithelial response to dietary and microbial components.
  • To focus on the effects of these components on intestinal barrier integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on nutritional products and microbiota.
  • Analysis of epithelial responses to luminal antigens.
  • Examination of factors modulating intestinal permeability.

Main Results:

  • Nutritional products show varied effects on the epithelial barrier.
  • Microbial fermentation generates products that influence barrier function.
  • Cross-talk between bacteria, immune factors, and diet modulates barrier integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Epithelial responses to nutritional and microbial factors significantly impact intestinal barrier function.
  • Understanding these interactions is key for developing novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Emerging therapies like fecal microbiota transplantation highlight the role of microbial interventions.