[Safety of oral ivermectin in children]

Area of Science:

• Pharmacology
• Parasitology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Ivermectin is a semi-synthetic derivative of avermectins, produced by Streptomyces avermitilis.
• It targets glutamate and GABA-gated chloride channels, crucial for neurotransmission in invertebrates.
• Human brain protection involves mechanisms like P-glycoprotein, encoded by the MDR1 gene.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the antiparasitic applications of ivermectin.
• To assess ivermectin's safety and efficacy, particularly in pediatric populations.
• To highlight concerns regarding ivermectin's use in specific age groups and conditions.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of ivermectin's pharmacological actions and clinical uses.
• Analysis of studies on ivermectin's efficacy and side effect profiles.
• Examination of regulatory status and usage guidelines for ivermectin.

Main Results:

• Ivermectin is effective against onchocerciasis, filariasis, nematode infections, scabies, and head lice.
• Side effects are typically linked to inflammatory reactions from antigen release.
• Ivermectin demonstrates good tolerance in children, but its use in infants under 15kg lacks marketing authorization.

Conclusions:

• Ivermectin is a valuable antiparasitic agent with a generally favorable safety profile in children.
• The absence of marketing authorization for infants under 15kg necessitates caution.
• Vigilance is required to prevent overuse and misuse of ivermectin, especially for head lice.