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Urinary Kidney Injury Molecules in Children with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Ali Güneş1, Aydın Ece2, Fesih Aktar1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey.

Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research
|December 25, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Children with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) show elevated urine biomarkers for kidney injury, including human kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). These findings suggest potential subclinical renal injury despite normal kidney function tests in pediatric IDA.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Hematology
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) is common in children.
  • Subclinical kidney injury in pediatric IDA is not well understood.
  • Urinary biomarkers may offer insight into renal health in IDA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate urinary levels of kidney injury biomarkers in children with IDA.
  • To compare these levels with healthy controls.
  • To explore correlations between anemia severity and kidney injury markers.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 35 children with IDA and 32 healthy controls.
  • Measured complete blood count, iron studies, and renal function tests.
  • Quantified urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), NGAL, KIM-1, and L-FABP, normalized to creatinine.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in serum urea, creatinine, or eGFR between groups.
  • IDA patients exhibited significantly higher urinary NGAL/Cr, L-FABP/Cr, KIM-1/Cr, and NAG/Cr.
  • Significant negative correlations found between hemoglobin/hematocrit and all measured urinary biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated urinary kidney injury markers in pediatric IDA suggest potential subclinical renal damage.
  • These findings are observed even with normal serum electrolytes and estimated glomerular filtration rate.
  • Urinary biomarkers may serve as sensitive indicators of renal involvement in pediatric IDA.
Abstract

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