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On-chip WDM mode-division multiplexing interconnection with optional demodulation function.

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    This study introduces a versatile integrated circuit for wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) and mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) optical communication. The device enables mode conversion and multiplexing, enhancing signal processing and avoiding wavelength conflicts.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Optical Communications
    • Integrated Optics
    • Signal Processing

    Background:

    • Wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) and mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) are key technologies for increasing optical communication capacity.
    • Integrating WDM and MDM functionalities on a single chip presents challenges in managing signal interference and wavelength conflicts.
    • Existing solutions often lack flexibility or require complex architectures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and fabricate a novel integrated circuit combining WDM compatibility with multi-functional MDM capabilities.
    • To demonstrate the circuit's ability to perform mode conversion and multiplexing for multipath WDM signals.
    • To integrate an optional phase-to-intensity demodulation function within the MDM circuit.

    Main Methods:

    • Fabrication of a multi-functional integrated circuit.
    • Experimental demonstration using 4 × 10 Gb/s non-return-to-zero differential phase shift keying (NRZ-DPSK) signals.
    • Measurement of bit error ratio (BER) and eye diagrams to evaluate performance.

    Main Results:

    • Successful processing of 4 × 10 Gb/s NRZ-DPSK signals with clear eye diagrams.
    • Less than 1 dB receive sensitivity variation across three modes and four wavelengths with demodulation.
    • Average power penalties of -1.5, -3, and -3.5 dB for TE₀-TE₀, TE₀-TE₁, and TE₀-TE₂ mode conversions, respectively, without demodulation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed integrated circuit effectively combines WDM and MDM functionalities, offering a flexible solution for optical signal processing.
    • The optional phase-to-intensity demodulation enhances performance and reduces sensitivity variations.
    • This technology is suitable for applications at the interface of long-haul and on-chip communication systems.