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Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Imaging Biological Samples with Optical Microscopy

Optical microscopy uses optic principles to provide detailed images of samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek designed the first compound optical microscope in the 17th century to visualize blood cells, bacteria, and yeast cells. In 1830, Joseph Jackson Lister created an essentially modern light microscope. The 20th century saw the development of microscopes with enhanced magnification and resolution.
In optical microscopy, the specimen to be viewed is placed on a glass slide and clipped on the stage...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis

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Published on: October 17, 2016

Two-photon imaging through a multimode fiber.

Edgar E Morales-Delgado, Demetri Psaltis, Christophe Moser

|December 25, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents the first high-resolution 3D imaging using two-photon fluorescence microscopy through a long multimode optical fiber. The technique utilizes digital phase conjugation for precise focusing and scanning, enabling deep tissue imaging applications.

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Simultaneous Multicolor Imaging of Biological Structures with Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy

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Published on: December 9, 2013

Area of Science:

Biomedical Optics
Microscopy
Optical Engineering

Background:

Multimode optical fibers (MMFs) offer potential for minimally invasive imaging.
Traditional MMF imaging is limited by low resolution and aberrations.
Two-photon excitation (TPE) enables deeper imaging and optical sectioning but is challenging to implement through MMFs.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate high-resolution 3D imaging using TPE through a long MMF.
To develop a method for focusing and scanning through an MMF for TPE microscopy.
To achieve depth sectioning and cellular-level resolution via MMF.

Main Methods:

Utilized a 20 cm long, 350 µm diameter MMF for light delivery and collection.
Employed digital phase conjugation with mode selection by time gating and an ultra-fast reference pulse for focusing and scanning.
Implemented TPE by delivering a focused femtosecond pulse to the sample and collecting emitted fluorescence through the same MMF.

Main Results:

Achieved 1 µm lateral and 15 µm axial resolution.
Demonstrated 3D imaging with depth sectioning capabilities.
Scanned an 80x80 µm field of view through the MMF.

Conclusions:

This work represents the first demonstration of high-resolution 3D TPE imaging through an MMF.
The developed technique overcomes limitations of MMF-based imaging, enabling new applications in minimally invasive microscopy.
Digital phase conjugation is a viable method for precise optical control through MMFs for advanced imaging modalities.