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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Assessing Cardiomyocyte Subtypes Following Transcription Factor-mediated Reprogramming of Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts
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Mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit extensive developmental and phenotypic diversity.

Prabhat K Singhal1, Slim Sassi2, Lan Lan1

  • 1Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115;

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Fibroblast cells are highly diverse, with many distinct subtypes identified in mouse embryos. These fibroblast subtypes show varied characteristics and developmental potential, revealing significant cellular heterogeneity.

Keywords:
embryofibroblastheterogeneitylineagephenotype

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Fibroblasts are crucial connective tissue cells involved in development and repair.
  • Previous understanding suggested fibroblasts were a relatively uniform cell population.
  • The heterogeneity within fibroblast populations has not been fully characterized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the heterogeneity of embryonic fibroblast subtypes.
  • To determine the developmental potential and phenotypic stability of different fibroblast populations.
  • To quantify the diversity of fibroblast-like cells in embryonic tissues.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of embryonic fibroblasts from GFP reporter mice.
  • Multiparameter flow cytometry for cell surface phenotyping.
  • Cell sorting based on surface markers and subsequent culture for propagation analysis.
  • Cloning of individual fibroblast-like cells to assess phenotypic variation.

Main Results:

  • Embryonic fibroblasts exhibit extensive developmental and phenotypic heterogeneity.
  • Distinct fibroblast subtypes were identified across different embryonic organs.
  • Sorted fibroblast populations maintained their characteristics during culture.
  • Individual cloned fibroblast cells displayed significant phenotypic variation.

Conclusions:

  • The fibroblast cell type comprises a vast number of denumerable subtypes.
  • These subtypes possess varying degrees of multipotency and distinct surface phenotypes.
  • Fibroblast heterogeneity is a fundamental characteristic of embryonic connective tissue.