The effects of ketamine on the mismatch negativity (MMN) in humans - A meta-analysis
Timm Rosburg1, Ilonka Kreitschmann-Andermahr2
1Department of Psychology, Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Saarland University, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University Psychiatric Clinics, Wilhelm Klein-Str. 27, CH-4012 Basel, Switzerland.
Objective:
To investigate whether effects of the glutamatergic N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist ketamine on the mismatch negativity (MMN) vary between duration and frequency deviants, as suggested by clinical studies on schizophrenia patients.
Methods:
Our meta-analysis included previous studies that used ketamine in order to induce psychotic experiences in healthy participants and that recorded the MMN either by electroencephalography or magnetoencephalography.
Results:
The analysis revealed systematic MMN amplitude decreases and, with a lower effect size, latency increases after ketamine administration. However, the observed amplitude and latency effects did not vary between duration and frequency deviants.
Conclusion:
Across studies, there is no evidence that ketamine effects on the MMN are larger for duration than frequency deviants.
Significance:
Our findings tentatively suggest that, in addition to an NMDA receptor hypofunction, other factors might contribute to the sometimes observed pattern of impaired MMN responses to duration deviants, but unimpaired MMN responses to frequency deviants in schizophrenia.
Insights
Ketamine reduces mismatch negativity (MMN) amplitude and increases latency in healthy participants. These effects on MMN did not differ between duration and frequency deviants, challenging schizophrenia models.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Psychopharmacology
Background:
- The mismatch negativity (MMN) is a neural response to auditory change detection.
- Ketamine, an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, induces psychosis-like states.
- Schizophrenia patients sometimes show differential MMN deficits for duration versus frequency deviants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine if ketamine's effects on MMN differ between duration and frequency deviants.
- To investigate the validity of ketamine as a model for schizophrenia-related MMN alterations.
Main Methods:
- Meta-analysis of studies using ketamine in healthy participants.
- Inclusion of studies measuring MMN via electroencephalography (EEG) or magnetoencephalography (MEG).
Main Results:
- Ketamine administration led to decreased MMN amplitude and increased MMN latency.
- The effects of ketamine on MMN amplitude and latency were consistent across both duration and frequency deviants.
Conclusions:
- Ketamine's impact on MMN does not selectively affect duration or frequency deviants.
- Findings suggest factors beyond NMDA receptor hypofunction may explain differential MMN deficits in schizophrenia.
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