Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 28, 2026

Standardized Model of Ventricular Fibrillation and Advanced Cardiac Life Support in Swine
Published on: January 30, 2020
Differences and Trends in DNR Among California Inpatients With Heart Failure
Anuradha Phadke1, Paul A Heidenreich2
1Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
Background:
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders reflect an important means of respecting patient autonomy while minimizing the risk of nonbeneficial interventions. We sought to clarify trends and differences in rates of DNR orders for patients hospitalized with heart failure.
Methods:
We used statewide data from California's Healthcare Cost and Utilization dataset (2007-2010) to determine trends in DNR orders within 24 hours of admission for patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of heart failure.
Results:
Among 347,541 hospitalizations for heart failure, the rate of DNR order within 24 hours increased from 10.4% in 2007 to 11.3% in 2010 (P < .0001). After adjustment, DNR status correlated with older age, female gender, white race, frequent comorbidities (Charlson Score), and residence in higher income area (P < .0001). DNR use was more likely in hospitals with public or nonprofit financing or medical school affiliation, but not being a member of the Council on Teaching Hospitals (all P < .001).
Conclusion:
DNR order use among inpatients with heart failure is low but increasing slowly and varies by patient demographics and hospital characteristics.
More Related Videos
05:16Cutoff Value of Phase Angle by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis at Admission as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Acute Heart Failure
Published on: June 10, 2025
08:15Innovative Strategies for Organ Preservation in Heart Transplantation: Uniform Cooling Preservation and Ex-situ Normothermic Perfusion
Published on: November 28, 2025
Related Concept Videos
Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies
Heart Failure VII: Nursing Interventions
Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation
Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult