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Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Gray matter responsiveness to adaptive working memory training: a surface-based morphometry study.

Francisco J Román1, Lindsay B Lewis2, Chi-Hua Chen3

  • 1Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.

Brain Structure & Function
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive training using the n-back task preserved gray matter in key brain regions for young women. This adaptive training also mitigated declines in gray matter related to baseline intelligence.

Keywords:
Brain plasticityCognitive trainingCortical surface areaCortical thicknessSurface-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Cognitive training programs aim to enhance cognitive functions.
  • Neuroimaging techniques like MRI can measure structural brain changes.
  • The n-back task is a common tool for assessing and training working memory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of adaptive n-back cognitive training on gray matter indices.
  • To compare changes in cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA) between a training group and a control group.
  • To explore the relationship between cognitive training, gray matter changes, and baseline intelligence.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-eight young women (17-22 years) underwent 3 months of adaptive n-back training.
  • Cortical thickness (CT) and cortical surface area (CSA) were measured before and after training.
  • Statistical analyses utilized a region of interest (ROI) framework and analyzed group-by-time interactions.

Main Results:

  • The training group showed conservation of gray matter (CT and CSA) in specific brain regions compared to the control group.
  • These protected regions include the middle temporal, ventral frontal, and inferior parietal cortices, and pars opercularis.
  • Cognitive training attenuated the expected decrease in gray matter for individuals with lower baseline intelligence.

Conclusions:

  • Adaptive n-back training can lead to the preservation of gray matter in brain areas crucial for cognitive functions.
  • The training's benefits extend to mitigating potential age-related or intelligence-related gray matter decline.
  • These findings highlight the neuroplastic potential of the brain in response to targeted cognitive interventions.