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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Related Experiment Video

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3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
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Mapping homeostatic synaptic plasticity using cable properties of dendrites.

B N Queenan1, K J Lee2, H Tan3

  • 1Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.

Neuroscience
|December 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neurons upregulate synaptic function when silenced. A new tool, the dendritic filtering index (DFI), reveals young cortical neurons globally scale currents, while mature hippocampal neurons do not, showing distinct homeostatic plasticity.

Keywords:
AMPA receptorscurrent shapedendritic filtering indexdendritic originhomeostatic synaptic plasticitymEPSC slope

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cellular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Neurons exhibit homeostatic plasticity, upregulating excitatory synaptic function when chronically silenced.
  • The precise subcellular location of these synaptic changes along the dendritic tree remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the spatial distribution of homeostatic synaptic plasticity on the dendritic tree.
  • To develop a method for mapping the origin of synaptic currents within dendrites.

Main Methods:

  • Exploited the cable-filtering properties of dendrites.
  • Derived a novel parameter, the dendritic filtering index (DFI), to map synaptic current distribution.
  • Analyzed AMPA receptor-mediated currents in rat cortical and hippocampal neurons.

Main Results:

  • Young rat cortical neurons globally scaled AMPA receptor-mediated currents.
  • Mature rat hippocampal neurons did not exhibit global scaling of these currents.
  • Demonstrated distinct homeostatic plasticity strategies across brain regions and developmental stages.

Conclusions:

  • The dendritic filtering index (DFI) is a valuable tool for mapping the dendritic location of synaptic currents.
  • The DFI can identify the locus of synaptic plasticity changes.
  • Revealed differential homeostatic scaling mechanisms in cortical versus hippocampal neurons.