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Antigen detection for human immunodeficiency virus.

D J Harry1, M B Jennings, J Yee

  • 1Department of Medical Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616.

Clinical Microbiology Reviews
|July 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary
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Enzyme immunoassays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens offer significant clinical benefits. These HIV antigen assays are valuable for diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring treatment efficacy.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Virology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedures for direct human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigen determination have emerged as valuable tools.
  • These assays offer significant benefits in both clinical practice and research settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical development, current applications, and future potential of HIV antigen assays in clinical microbiology.
  • To compare commercially available HIV antigen assays based on sensitivity, specificity, and cost.
  • To discuss the utility of HIV antigen assays in various clinical scenarios and for monitoring therapeutic efficacy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development and current literature on HIV antigen assays.
  • Description and comparison of selected commercially available HIV antigen assays.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of diagnostic and prognostic utility across diverse patient populations.
  • Evaluation of HIV antigen assays as an adjunct to antibody testing and for assessing antiviral therapy effectiveness.

    • Main Results:

    • HIV antigen assays provide direct detection of the virus, complementing antibody testing.
    • These assays demonstrate utility in neonatal, asymptomatic, seronegative, and seropositive patient groups.
    • HIV antigen assays can serve as an alternative to reverse transcriptase assays in virus culture.
    • The assays are useful for monitoring the efficacy of antiviral drug therapy.

    Conclusions:

    • HIV antigen assays represent a significant advancement in the clinical management of HIV infection.
    • Their versatility extends to diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
    • Continued development and application of these assays are expected to further enhance patient care and research outcomes.